Hukum Etika Pers: Analisis Pelanggaran Etika Pers dalam Film "Mad City"

Mad City adalah film bergenre komedi pada tahun 1997. Film ini bercerita tentang seorang wartawan televisi yang mencari berita di sebuah museum sejarah alam. Berita yang didapatkan oleh wartawan tersebut dinilai membosankan dan tidak menarik karena membahas mengenai defisit anggaran museum sehingga museum tersebut harus memecat beberapa karyawan.

Setelah mewawancarai salah seorang petinggi yang bekerja di museum, wartawan tersebut yang bernama Max, mendapati dirinya mengintip percakapan antara Sam, salah seorang karyawan museum yang sudah dipecat dengan Mrs. Banks, orang yang tadi ia wawancarai. Sam diusir oleh Mrs. Banks yang tidak ingin berbicara lagi dengannya. Sam yang masih ingin berbicara dan meminta kembali dipekerjakan ternyata membawa senapan. Mrs. Banks tidak percaya karena selama ini mengenal Sam adalah orang yang bai, namun Sam tidak sengaja menembakkan senapannya dan mengenai salah seorang temannya yang juga pekerja museum tersebut.

Sang wartawan televisi Max melihat kesempatan tersebut sebagai kesempatan yang bagus baginya untuk mendapatkan berita. Dengan memanfaatkan Sam yang baik hati dan polos, Max membuat sebuah kasus penyanderaan di museum tersebut dan mendramatisir keadaan dengan mempengaruhi Sam untuk meminta banyak hal seperti uang dan sebagainya. Sementara yang diinginkan Sam hanyalah agar ia mendapatkan pekerjaannya kembali karena ia ingin membahagiakan istri dan dua orang anaknya.

Cerita ini berakhir dengan meninggalnya Sam, mantan pegawai museum yang meminta kembali pekerjaan, dengan cara bunuh diri di dalam museum menggunakan granat. Di akhir cerita Max mengeluarkan sebuah kalimat yang mengatakan bahwa medialah yang sebenarnya membunuh Sam.

Terdapat banyak contoh pelanggaran etika pers yang terjadi dalam film Mad City. Di antaranya adalah pertama adanya responden yang dibayar palsu yang mengaku di hadapan media sebagai teman dekat Sam, pada saat kasus penyanderaan di museum mencuat. Padahal faktanya Sam sama sekali tidak mengenal orang tersebut yang mengaku sebagai teman dekatnya dan mengenal dirinya. Orang tersebut dibayar untuk bersaksi di depan media dan membentuk opini publik yang saat itu menganggap Sam adalah orang yang baik, berbalik menjadi Sam adalah orang yang tega dan kasar.

Kedua, etika privasi narasumber yang dilanggar di mana Cliff, teman Sam yang bekerja di museum yang sama yang secara tidak sengaja terkena tembakan senapan Sam diliput secara sembunyi-sembunyi  saat sedang dirawat di rumah sakit. Media mengambil gambar Cliff tanpa diketahui oleh pasien lewat jendela dan tidak meminta ijin kepada pasien terlebih dahulu.

Ketiga, media kemudian melakukan sebuah penawaran kepada Cliff yang masih terbaring sebagai pasien di rumah sakit untuk mau diwawancarai dengan diberikan sejumlah uang oleh media. Keempat,  pengambilan sudut berita yang menyesatkan publik. Dalam film ini media membelokkan berita ke hal-hal yang tidak benar dan tidak berkaitan dengan permasalahan Sam dan museum, tapi malah hal-hal lainnya. Seperti penggelapan dana pensiun di salah satu bank, dan politisasi dengan kasus-kasus lain yang sedang berkembang saat itu dalam film tersebut.

Kelima, terjadinya persaingan antar media dan antar reporter setelah kemudian berita ini mencuat menjadi berita internasional. Kevin, seorang reporter saingan Max dari media lain yang mendapatkan tekanan dan berkeinginan menaikkan rating kemudian mengambil rekaman jejak pendapat masyarakat mengenai Sam dan mengeditnya sehingga voting terhadap Sam menjadi berbalik arah dari menganggap Sam sebagai orang yang baik menjadi sebaliknya sehingga voting berbalik arah dan kembali mengacaukan dan mengubah opini masyarakat.

Keenam, persaingan antar media akhirnya menjadi sangat ketat dan pemberitaan menjadi tak lagi memperhatikan asas praduga tak bersalah, tidak memikirkan dan melaksanakan prinsip penyajian yang adil, jujur, dan berimbang. Hal yang paling jelas dalam film ini adalah tidak dipergunakan dan tidak diperhitungkannya lagi hati nurani dalam setiap pembuatan berita mengenai Sam dan keluarganya.

Hukum Etika Pers: Analisis Kasus Indra Bekti dalam Segi 'Hak Jawab'

Iqna Syuhada Putri
1310861014
Hukum Etika Pers - Ilmu Komunikasi Unand 2016

Akhir Januari 2016, dunia entertainment Indonesia mendapatkan kabar baru tentang kasus pelanggaran asusila oleh salah seorang artis pria, Indra Bekti.
Bekti dilaporkan oleh salah seorang pemain FTV, Lalu Gigih Arsanofa, atas tuduhan Undang-Undang ITE, menggunakan media sosial dalam tindakan asusila.
Gigih memberikan tuduhan pada Bekti bahwa memiliki bukti rekaman percakapan antara dirinya dan Bekti di mana Bekti memintanya untuk melakukan hubungan badan.
Gigih melaporkan Bekti dengan tuduhan tersebut dengan didampingi oleh seorang pengacara pribadi.
Tak lama setelah mencuatnya berita tersebut, Bekti langsung melakukan klarifikasi atas informasi dari berita yang beredar mengenai kasusnya.
Bekti menyatakan bahwa berita tersebut sama sekali tidak benar. Bekti dengan tegas mengatakan bahwa berita yang telah tersebar luas itu adalah salah dan tuduhan yang ditimpakan kepadanya adalah kekeliruan.
Bekti mengklarifikasi berita mengenai kasus pelanggaran asusila yang dituduhkan kepadanya lewat berbagai siaran televisi, wawancara, dan konferensi pers.
Pada tanggal 3 Februari lalu Bekti mendatangi Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI) untuk meminta KPI menindaklanjuti berita yang menyebar mengenai dirinya terkait kasus pelanggaran asusila.
Baik kepada KPI maupun seluruh pers dan media, Bekti meminta untuk tidak lagi menayangkan berita mengenai dirinya karena akan merugikan pihak Bekti sebagai yang tertuduh, keluarga besarnya, dan juga pihak Gigih sendiri.
Bahkan, dalam beberapa berita dikatakan bahwa Bekti juga akan melakukan pengaduan ke dewan pers terkait pemberitaan yang ia rasa merugikan dirinya ini.
Sampai saat ini, KPI masih menyelidiki pengaduan oleh Bekti tersebut dan belum menetapkan keputusan, karena masih mempelajari dan menganalisis berita kasus pelanggaran asusila ini. KPI masih belum mengambil keputusan, salah satunya juga dikarenakan Bekti yang tidak mengetahui dan meyakini dengan pasti media mana saja yang dianggap mencemarkan nama baiknya.
Dinilai dari segi hak jawab yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang dan diberlakukan untuk seluruh masyarakat Indonesia yang merasa dirugikan oleh pemberitaan pers, Bekti sebenarnya belum menggunakan hak jawab yang dimilikinya dengan tepat dan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku.
Padahal, jika ia memang meyakini dengan pasti dan merasa dirugikan oleh pemberitaan yang beredar, Bekti dapat menggunakan hak jawab terhadap media yang ia rasa memberitakan dengan ceroboh dan merugikan pihaknya.
Hak jawab yang digunakan bisa jadi pembersihan nama kembali untuk Bekti dan keluarganya, pembentukan kembali opini masyarakat yang sebelumnya telah mengkonsumsi berita tersebut, dan juga pembuktian mengenai kredibilitas media yang memberitakan.
Kelemahan Bekti seperti yang telah dipaparkan KPI mengenai ketidak pastian nama-nama media mana saja yang memberitakan, seharusnya tidak terjadi agar hak jawab bisa digunakan dengan lancar dan semestinya. Karena hak jawab yang dimiliki warga sipil juga akan lebih menguatkan ketimbang wawancara sana sini dan berbagai konferensi pers.

Hukum Etika Pers: Analisis Pemberitaan Media terhadap Kasus Mirna Salihin

Iqna Syuhada Putri
1310861014
Hukum Etika Pers - Ilmu Komunikasi Unand 2016

Polisi Australia Bongkar Informasi Penting di Kasus Mirna

Siti Ruqoyah, Bayu Nugraha Rabu, 3 Februari 2016, 12:15 WIB

VIVA.co.id - Polda Metro Jaya bekerjasama dengan Australian Federal Police (AFP), menyelidiki kasus kematian Wayan Mirna Salihin (27 tahun). Hal tersebut dilakukan lantaran Mirna dan dua rekannya yaitu Jessica Kumala Wongso dan Hani pernah hidup di Australia, saat menjalani kuliah.

Kepala Bidang Humas Polda Metro Jaya, Komisaris Besar Polisi Mohammad Iqbal, mengatakan, kerjasama dengan polisi dari Australia mendapatkan hasil yang cukup signifikan.

Ia menuturkan, hasil yang signifikan tersebut adalah informasi untuk menguatkan alat bukti atas kasus yang sudah berjalan hampir sebulan, dengan tersangka Jessica.

"Kita sudah diberikan informasi dan sudah cukup signifikan untuk penyidik menguatkan alat bukti," kata Iqbal kepada wartawan di Mapolda Metro Jaya, Rabu, 3 Februari 2016

Menurutnya, kerjasama yang dilakukan polisi Indonesia dengan polisi Australia adalah hal wajar untuk mengungkap suatu kasus.

"Kalau ditanya apa dan bagaimana koordinasi kami dengan kepolisian Australia, kami ini ada police to police cooperation. Kami polisi di seluruh dunia harus berkoordinasi dan bekerjasama. Begitu juga kalau ada kasus di Bali dan Jakarta yang menyangkut kewarganegaraan Australia kita bantu perkaranya," ucap dia.

Khusus untuk kasus kematian Mirna, Iqbal mengungkapkan, dilibatkannya polisi Australia karena korban, saksi maupun tersangka memiliki latar belakang pernah hidup bersama di Australia.

"Karena kami sudah mengidentifikasi semua saksi yang cukup penting. Background-nya ada di Australia. Sehingga kami ingin buat terang tindak pidana," kata Iqbal.
Dia pun mengatakan, koordinasi dengan polisi Australia masih tetap berlangsung hingga kasus ini terungkap dengan jelas.

"Saya kira mungkin ada koordinasi lagi. Baik itu ketemu atau melalui telepon," kata dia.
© VIVA.co.id

ANALISIS

Berita di atas adalah salah satu berita terbaru yang dikutip dari salah satu portal berita online yang menginformasikan mengenai kasus Mirna Salihin.

Kasus Mirna merupakan kasus pembunuhan yang beritanya menyebar di awal tahun 2016.

Kasus ini mendapat perhatian besar di Indonesia karena merupakan kasus pembunuhan pertama yang menggunakan kalium sianida, zat kimia yang berbahaya jika dikonsumsi oleh manusia.

Pihak kepolisian merasa perlu mengusut kasus ini sampe tuntas untuk megetahui kebenaran dari kematian Mirna Salihin dan menjadikan pelajaran bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, mengingat ini adalah kasus pertama pembunuhan menggunakan sianida.

Kasus ini bermula saat Mirna dan dua orang temannya Hany dan Jessica berjanji untuk bertemu di sebuah cafe.

Pada pertemuan itu, Mirna meminum secangkir kopi Vietnam dan kejang-kejang beberapa saat setelah meminumnya.

Kopi yang diminum oleh Mirna tersebut terbukti mengandung zat sianida.

Polisi telah menetapkan tersangka pembunuhan Mirna yaitu sahabat Mirna yang ikut minum kopi dengannya, Jessica.

Berdasarkan berita yang beredar di media, polisi menetapkan Jessica sebagai tersangka dan menahannya karena beberapa alasan yang dianggap janggal dan mencurigakan.

Jessica adalah orang yang pertama kali hadir di cafe, memesan minuman untuk ketiga orang, dan membayar minuman tersebut.

Penyelidikan polisi terkait kasus Mirna bisa dibilang cukup lama karena lebih dari satu bulan media terus memberitakan perkembangannya hampir setiap hari sehingga masyarakat dapat mengetahui seluk bekuk kasus pembunuhan Mirna ini.

Bahkan, pemberitaan oleh media bisa dibilang cederung berlebihan. Mengingat, Mirna dan Jessica adalah masyarakat sipil biasa dengan kedudukan yang biasa dan pengaruh yang bisa dibilang kecil terhadap negara Indonesia.

Masih banyak berita-berita yang lebih penting dan punya urgensi yang tinggi untuk disiarkan setiap hari secara lebih mendalam.

Dari segi pemberitaan pun, media terlalu menyorot Jessica secara keseluruhan dan rinci. Membuat Jessica menjadi headline dan trending topic di mana-mana sementara banyak kasus-kasus lainnya yang tertutupi.

Apapun gerak gerik dan kegiatan yang dilakukan Jessica, akan menjadi sorotan media sejak menguaknya kasus Mirna. Media bahkan menyorot kehidupan pribadi Jessica secara mendalam untuk pemberitaannya. Jauh sebelum polisi menetapkan Jessica sebagai tersangka kasus pembunuhan Mirna, media telah berhasil menggiring opini masyarakat untuk berpikir bahwa kemungkinan besar pelaku memang Jessica.

Pemberitaan dari awal sudah membuat masyarakat berpikir ke arah dan sisi Jessica sebagai tersangka karena kemasan berita yang seakan-akan hanya tertuju pada Jessica. Sementara, pada dasarnya banyak faktor lain terkait pembunuhan Mirna yang bisa diekspos dan ditelisik lebih dalam selain hanya tertuju pada Jessica dan kehidupannya.

Sekarang pun, saat Jessica sudah ditetapkan oleh polisi sebagai tersangka dan sudah berada dalam tahanan, media masih menginformasikan detail-detail mengenai kehidupan tahanan dan pribadi Jessica.

Seperti perlakuan khusus atau istimewa yang didapat oleh Jessica di tahanan, mengenai Jessica yang ternyata tidak tertarik pada lelaki Indonesia dan lebih memilih menjalin asnara dengan lelaki luar negri.

Media seharusnya mulai berhenti mengabarkan dan menyebar luaskan hanya berita mengenai kasus Mirna dan menyorot Jessica secara berlebihan dan terus menerus.

Mungkin media dapat mulai menginformsikan berita-berita lainnya dan tidak melulu mengenai kasus Mirna sampai ada perkembangan selanjutnya yang memang butuh diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Media pun alangkah lebih baiknya bisa lebih seimbang dalam pemberitaan dan tidak menitik beratkan pada sebagian individual atau sekelompok orang saja, agar masyarakat secara umumpun dapat melihat dari berbagai sisi dengan sudut pandang pemberitaan oleh pers yang beragam dan tidak memihak.

My Wonderful Town Named Bukittinggi

Town of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra is a city of history, the birthplace of three great heroes of Indonesia, and also the city with a charming tourist exoticism. Bukittingggi has all the criteria to become a tourist target for the visitors.

Bukittinggi is one of the city has recognized the role and influence in the history of Indonesia. Writing the history of this city has been attempted by various researchers who discussed the socio-economic activities, politics. As part Darek areas in West Sumatra, the city began to have more value and preferred since the Dutch began to actively suppress the wake of future Padri Padri War 1821-1837. And in 1888, the Netherlands seeking expansion of this city, which reached 75% of the area Kanagarian Kurai Jorong Limo.

Bukittinggi in the state administration since Dutch colonial times, Japanese colonial era and the era of independence with its variations remains the central government a portion of Central Sumatra and Sumatra as a whole, even Bukittinggi once served as the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia setela Yogyajarta occupied Netherlands from December 1948 to the month in June 1949.

As a former Dutch government, Dutch Bukittinggi is always enhanced by his role in state administration, from what dinamakanGemetelyk Resort based Stbl 1828. The Netherlands has set up a defensive stronghold in 1825, which until now blockhouse is still known as Fort "Fort De Kock". The city has been used also by the Dutch as a resting place officers in the colonies in the east of this.

By the Japanese government, serve as the center of Bukittinggi military government control for the region of Sumatra, even down to Singapore and Thailand as a resident commander here Milioter to 25. At this time of Taddsgemente Bukittinggi renamed Fort de Kock became Bukittinggi The Yaku Sho, whose land was broadened to include Nagari-Nagari Sianok, Gadut, Kapau, Ampang Tower, Stone Hill Batabuah Taba and now all of them now in Agam regency, in the city is also the Government of Japan set up reinforcements tebtara largest radio transmitter to the island of Sumatra in order to raise the spirit of the people to support the interests of the Greater East Asia peramg Japanese version.

At the time of the struggle for Independence of the Republic of Indonesia Bukitinggi role as the city struggles. From December 1948 until June 1949 was appointed as the Mother City Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) after Yogyakarta fell into Dutch hands.

Furthermore, once the capital city of Bukittinggi Sumatra Province with Mr. governors. Tengku Muhammad Hasan. Later in the regulations in Lieu of Law No.. 4 in 1959, United Kingdom established as the capital city of Central Sumatra-residency that includes residencies, West Sumatra, Jambi and Riau are now each residency has become its own provinces.

Having developed the prefecture of West Sumatra province of West Sumatra, Bukittinggi is designated as the capital of his province,. since 1958 the de facto capital of Province have moved to a deyuire Padangnamun Bukittinggi in 1978 then no longer be the capital of West Sumatra province, with the release of Government Regulation no. 29 in 1979 to move the capital of West Sumatra province to Padang.

Right now the status of municipalities Bukittinggi Regional Level II in accordance with law No.. 5 year 1974 concerning Regional Government which has been perfected by Law NO. 22/99menjadi of Bukittinggi.

In summary the development of Bukittinggi can be seen as follows:
A. In the period of Dutch colonization
Originally sebagaiGeemente Fort De Kock and then became Staadgemente Fort De Kock, as stipulated in No. Staadblad. 358 in 1938 the total area equal to the area of Bukittinggi now.

B. During the Period of Japanese Occupation
At this time the United Kingdom named Shi Sho Yaku a wider area than the City Bukittingggi now coupled with Nagari-Nagari Sianok, Gadit, Ampang Tower, Taba and Bukit Batu Batabuah.

C. During the Period of Independence Until Now 
In the early days of the proclamation, an area of ​​Bukittinggi same as now with the first Waliktanya namely Barmawi Sutan Rajo Ameh.
     City of Bukittinggi to the provisions of No. Sumatra Province Governor. 391 dated June 9, 1947 concerning the establishment of Bukittinggi as the City has the right to govern themselves.
     Big City as set Bukittinggi Law no. 9 in 1956 on the establishment of the Autonomous City of Bukittinggi in the environment of Central Sumatra Province jo Basic Law on Local Government No. 22 tahun1960.
     Township Bukittinggi, as regulated in Law No. Local Government. 1 in 1957 jo. Pen. Prs. No. 6 in 1959 jo. Pen. prs. No. 5 in 1960.
     Municipality where Bukittinggi as stipulated in Law no. 5 of 1974 on the Principles of Local Government.

With a wide variety status and functions carried Bukittinggi as described above, we can draw the conclusion that the United Kingdom is quite strategically located and supported also by the weather was cool, karenaterletak in the ranks of the Bukit Barisan.

In terms of social, not less anyway Bukitinggi role, both in size regionally, Nasiopnal mupun International. In this city often held working meetings Governments, scientific meetings, congresses by community organizations and others.

"Clock Tower is the designation for a tower clock located in the heart of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra Province. Clock Tower is the name given to the Minangkabau society that clock tower building, because it has a clock tower was a "large sieve", or "at large" (large sieve = large clock hours; "large sieve" means big in Minangkabau language).

Such a phenomenal building clock tower called the Clock Tower at the time of its construction, so since the founding of the Clock Tower has become the center of everyone's attention. It also resulted in the Clock Tower used as a marker or landmark of Bukittinggi and also as one of the icons of West Sumatra province.
Clock Tower was built in 1926 by architect Yazid Sutan Dental Ameh. This clock was a gift from the Queen of the Netherlands to the Rook Maker, Controleur (City Secretary) Bukittinggi in the former Dutch East Indies Government. Laying the first stone clock is done Rook Maker's first son who was then 6 years old.
Ground-plan (building footprint following steps overlooking the Upper Market) of the Clock Tower is 13 × 4 meters, 26 meters height.

Clock Tower is engaged in mechanical and consisted of four hours / four-face clock overlooking the four compass directions with each clock face diameter of 80 cm.
This clock tower has undergone several changes in the peak shape. At first the top of the tower clock is round and on it stands a statue of a rooster. When you sign colonize Indonesia, the Japanese occupation government changed it to shape pagoda top. At the time of independence, its shape changed again into ornaments traditional Minangkabau house.

Construction of the Clock Tower is said to spend a total cost of construction of about 3,000 Gulden, which costs quite fantastic for the size of the time. But it paid off with the famous Clock Tower is a landmark that once a symbol or icon of Bukittinggi. Clock Tower is also set as the zero point of Bukittinggi.
There is a uniqueness of Roman numerals on the face of the Clock Tower is. When writing Roman numerals usually include the symbol "IV" to symbolize the four roman numbers, then the Clock Tower is labeled with the number four roman under the symbol "IIII" (Generally IV).

Clock Tower is named for a tower clock located in the heart of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra province, Indonesia. Local communities named "Clock Tower" (Minang language), because the clock tower has four clocks with a large size; where "large sieve" in Indonesian language means "great".

Clock Tower was built in 1926 by an architect named Yazid Sutan Dental Ameh. Clock Tower is a gift from the Queen of the Netherlands to the Rook Maker, Controleur or secretary of the town of Bukittinggi in the reign of the Dutch East Indies. Laying the first stone clock tower was conducted by Rook Maker's first son who was then 6 years old.

Such a phenomenal, since it was built and since its establishment, the Clock Tower has become the center of everyone's attention. It also resulted in the Clock Tower used as a marker or landmark town of Bukittinggi and also as one of the icons of West Sumatra province. In addition, the room under the Clock Tower has also been used as a ticket booth, police stations, and warehouses in 1970.

Construction of the Clock Tower is said to cost of development with a total of 3,000 Gulden, which costs quite fantastic for the size of the time. But it paid off with the famous Clock Tower as a landmark as well as the iconic town of Bukittinggi. In addition, the Clock Tower is also set as the zero point the town of Bukittinggi.

Since its establishment, the clock tower has undergone three changes to the roof. Established early in the reign of the Dutch East Indies, the roof of the Clock Tower round shape with a statue of a rooster facing eastwards on it. Later in the reign of the Japanese occupation shaped pagoda. And since the proclamation of Indonesian independence, the Clock Tower-shaped roof on a house roof in traditional Minangkabau (Tower House).

The last renovation was done in 2010 by the Heritage Preservation Board Indonesia (ARDI) with the support of Bukittinggi city government and the Dutch embassy in Jakarta, and was inaugurated exactly on the anniversary of the town Bukittinggi to 262 on December 22, 2010.

Extensive ground-plan of the Clock Tower is a 13 x 4 meters, with a tower 26 meters high. Meanwhile four hour imported from Rotterdam, Netherlands via the Gulf ports Bayur is mechanically driven by the engine and has a diameter of 80 cm respectively. It is said that the machine at the Clock Tower built only two units in the world; yourself Clock Tower and Big Ben in London, England.

Clock Tower was built without the use of iron peyangga and mortar. Only mixtures of lime, egg white, and white sand. The uniqueness of the Clock Tower itself is the mistake of writing the Roman numeral four ("IV") on each day is written "IIII". Where kesahalan writing like that too often the case in parts of the world, like the number 9 which was written "VIIII" (should be "IX") or the number 28 that written "XXIIX" (should be "XXVIII").

Lobang Jepang Bukittinggi is one of the historical attractions in the city of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Japan hole is a tunnel (bunker) the protection of the Japanese occupation forces built around the year 1942 for defense.

Earlier, Lobang Jepang was built as a storage supplies and equipment Japanese soldiers of war, with a long tunnel that reaches 1400 m and winding and has a width of about 2 meters. A number of specific rooms contained in this tunnel, among them the space reconnaissance, ambush rooms, prisons, and armory.

In addition to its strategic location in the city that was once a center of government of Central Sumatra, the land that became the wall of this tunnel is a type of soil which, when mixed with water will be more robust. Even the earthquake that shook West Sumatra in 2009 and then not much damage to the tunnel structure.

It is estimated that tens to hundreds of thousands of forced labor or romusha deployed from the island of Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan to dig this tunnel. Election workers from outside this area is the Japanese colonial strategy to maintain the confidentiality of this mega project. Labor from Bukittinggi itself deployed them to work on the tunnel defenses in Bandung and Biak Island.

Lobang Jepang began to run into holes historical attractions in the year 1984, by the town of Bukittinggi. Some of Japan's entrance into these holes are located on Gorges area Sianok, Panorama Park, next to the Bung Hatta Palace and Zoo in Bukittinggi.

Aperture of Japan is one of the objects that exist in the resort town of Bukittinggi and is a historical relic of the Japanese residence during his stay in London.
Because of Bukittinggi is very strategically located in the middle - the middle of Sumatra island, the Japanese invaders set the town of Bukittinggi as the Japanese army's defense command centers in Sumatra (Seiko sikikan kakka) led by generals Watanabe.

As a military stronghold for the Japanese made ​​a tunnel under the heart of Bukittinggi, in addition to functioning as a defense as well prepared as a store of ammunition, barracks, dining, hospitals, courtrooms and a kitchen, a total of 27 rooms and is a complete complex, such as plan which can be seen on the entrance wall.

The length of the hole that contained this panoramic location approximately 1400 meters, while the overall length of which is under the town of Bukittinggi estimated to be less about 5000 meters, thereby preserved / maintained only 30% of the existing pit.

The main usefulness of this hole is the basis of Japan's military defense of the Japanese invaders attack the allies of the building is kept confidential, and no one knows exactly when it began a pit japan built. Can be estimated only a few months after March 1942, when Japan seized the town of Bukittinggi from the hands of the Dutch government.
Unskilled workers to multiply these holes taken from people - people who were arrested Indonesia from other areas, such as from the island of Java, Kalimantan, South Sumatra, etc., while the catch of Bukittinggi itself was brought up again to another daetrah force employed on the project anyway - other projects, such as lodges for m le, embuat railway that will connect with pekanbaru riau Muaro Sijunjung. But this work does not go slesai, because the Japanese defeat in the hands of trigger-Allied Army.

Technical workers in the construction is taken from the pit - Indonesian people who worked in coal mines Ombilin Sawahlunto originating from the island of Java.
All unskilled workers are not sati orangpun who can save themselves, all of them died due to lack of food and the torment of the Japanese army. So that confidentiality is maintained holes.

Although this hole can be completed, but have not gotten completely used, because the Japanese hurried to his knees to the allies as a result of two atoms which dropped allied forces in the city of Nagasaki and Hiroshima on 7 and 8 August 1945, and continues with diproklamirkannya independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945 by Soekarno - Hatta.

When this hole is pretty crowded Japanese tourists visited by both International and the archipelago and is a favorite tourist attraction in London and even the West Sumatra.

Conditions in Tunnel From the gate, we menurunbi stairs as much as 135 pieces, if the staircase is the high average - average of 20 cm, thus the 135 steps means that we have fallen as high as 27 m. If we compare again where we stand now with the existing road above us, have a height difference approximately 5 m. From this calculation diketahuilah that the basic aperture ranges from 30 to 40 m from ground level. This depth was considered safe enough by Japanese air attacks from the allies.

Wildlife Parks and Cultural Kinantan or better known by the name of Bukittinggi Zoo is one of the zoo on the island of Sumatra, which lies on top of Mount Cubadak Bungkuak Bukittinggi, West Sumatra province, Indonesia.

 
Wildlife Parks and Cultural Kinantan is also one of the oldest zoos in Indonesia, and the only one in West Sumatra, with the most complete collection of animals on the island of Sumatra.

The zoo was built by the Dutch East Indies government In 1900's, with the name Stormpark (Flower Garden). Construction of the zoo was designed by Gravenzande, Controleur dutch who served in the town of Bukittinggi at that time. At the start of construction, Wildlife and Cultural Park is just a garden Kinantan not yet have a collection of animals, and several collections of animals began to put into the park, and then in 1929, exactly on July 3 was used as a zoo park with the name of Fort De Kocksche Dieren Park or the Zoo by Dr. Bukittinggi. J. Hock.
In 1935, the area of ​​the zoo was built Baanjuang Traditional House (House gadang) bergonjong maharam elephant, which has 9 rooms with anjungannya on the right and left.

Later again, change the name of Fort De Kocksche Dieren Puti Garden Park becomes youngest. And in 1995 through local regulation No.. 2 of 1995 also changed the name of the youngest Puti Garden Wildlife Parks and Culture Kinantan.

The zoo is also a mainstay attraction in the town of Bukittinggi is connected by bridge with attractions Limpapeh Fort de Kock. Is situated not far from downtown, making the zoo's main attraction for the tourists who visit the town of Bukittinggi.

Zoo was built in the Dutch colonial period in 1900 with the name on the Mount Cubadak Stormpark Bungkuak. Development was designed by Conteleur Gravenzande who served in Bukittinggi. At the start of construction, the park does not have a collection of animals. New in 1929 made ​​the zoo by incorporating some of the collection of animals into the park.

The zoo was originally named Gardens Bunge after it changes the name of a park and gardens Bunge Youngest Puti. In 1995 through local legislation (regulations) No.. 2 in 1995 again changed the name of the youngest Puti Garden Wildlife Parks and Culture Kinantan.

Wildlife Parks Kinantan Culture is the oldest zoo in Indonesia and is the zoo animals that have the most complete collections of Sumatra. In the garden there are the animals that beranama overpass bridge that connects limpapeh this zoo attraction fort Fort de Kock.

Wildlife Parks Cultural Kinantan (zoo) is located on the Mount Cubadak Bungkuak right in the next market top Bukittinggi, the town of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

To reach this location, tourists can use a landline. From the city of Padang to Bukittinggi, a trip can be taken for approximately 2 hours drive to use public transport, with the cost of Rp. 15.000, - per person. After reaching the town of Bukittinggi, the journey can continue to use public transportation to the location of the zoo. To anticipate no change to the car, tourists are encouraged to use the services of travel, personal car or rental car that can go straight to the location of attractions.

You’ve read about my wonderful town ? come  and visit bukittinggi, enjoy the views and tourism places. Hope my post will help you soon ;)